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County Kildare () is a county in Ireland. It is in the province of and is part of the Eastern and Midland Region. It is named after the town of . Kildare County Council is the local authority for the county, which had a population of 246,977 at the 2022 census.

Geography and subdivisions
Kildare is the 24th-largest of Ireland's 32 counties in area and the seventh-largest in terms of population. It is the eighth largest of Leinster's twelve counties in size, and the second largest in terms of population. It is bordered by the counties of , , , , and . As an inland county, Kildare is generally a lowland region. The county's highest points are the of the Wicklow Mountains bordering to the east. The highest point in Kildare is on the border with South Dublin, with the better-known Hill of Allen in central Kildare.

Towns and villages

Physical geography
The county has three major rivers running through it: the , the and the . The Grand Canal crosses the county from on the east to Rathangan and on the west. A southern branch joins the Barrow navigation at . The stretches across the north of the county along the border with Meath. Pollardstown Fen is the largest remaining fen in Ireland, covering an area of 220 hectares and is recognised as an internationally important fen ecosystem with unique and endangered plant communities, and was declared a National Nature Reserve in 1986.

The Bog of Allen is a large bog measuring that extends across County Kildare, , , , and . Kildare has of bog (almost 14% of Kildare's land area) mostly located in the south-west and north-west, a majority of this being . It is a habitat for over 185 plant and animal species.

There are of forested land in Kildare, accounting for roughly 5% of the county's total land area. of this is coniferous, while there is of broadleaf and the remaining area are unclassified species. and Dúchas currently own 47% of the forestry. Coillte runs Donadea Forest Park which is in North-Central Kildare. The forest covers of mixed woodland (60% broadleaf, 40% ) and is the largest forest park in Kildare.

History
Kildare was in 1297
(1980). 9780510278007, Routledge. .
and assumed its present borders in 1832, following amendments to remove a number of enclaves and exclaves.

The county was the home of the powerful Fitzgerald family. Parts of the county were also part of area around .

Governance and politics
Local government
Kildare County Council is the local authority for the county. The council has 40 members, elected in the local electoral areas of: Athy (5 seats), (4 seats), (3 seats), Clane (5 seats), (5 Seats), (5 seats), Newbridge (6 Seats) and (7 Seats). These form the municipal districts of Athy, Celbridge–Leixlip, Clane–Maynooth, Kildare–Newbridge, and Naas. The current council was elected in May 2019.

Kildare County Council nominates three councillors to the Eastern and Midland Regional Assembly, who are part of the Mid-East strategic planning area committee.

Former districts
Kildare was formerly divided into the rural districts of Athy No. 1, Celbridge No. 1, Edenderry No. 2, and Naas No. 1, and the urban districts of Athy and Naas. The rural districts were abolished in 1925. Newbridge or Droichead Nua, within the former rural district of Naas No. 1, had town commissioners, and Leixlip was given that status too in 1988. The urban districts of Athy and Naas and the town commissioners of Newbridge and Leixlip became town councils in 2002. All town councils in Ireland were abolished in 2014.

National elections
For elections to Dáil Éireann, there are two constituencies in the county: Kildare North (4 seats) and Kildare South (4 seats). At the 2020 Irish general election, Kildare North returned Catherine Murphy (SD), Réada Cronin (SF), Bernard Durkan (FG), and James Lawless (FF), while Kildare South returned Sean Ó Fearghaíl (FF) (returned automatically as outgoing Ceann Comhairle), Patricia Ryan (SF), Martin Heydon (FG), and Cathal Berry (Ind).

For elections to the European Parliament, it is part of the Midlands–North-West constituency (4 MEPs).

Demographics
The county's population has nearly doubled to 186,000 from 1990 to 2005. The northeastern region of Kildare had the highest average per-capita income in Ireland outside in 2003. East Kildare's population has increased rapidly, for example, the amount of housing in the Naas suburb of has increased sixfold since the mid-1990s. 

the population of the county was 246,977. Ethnically, the 2016 census recorded County Kildare as 84% white Irish, 9% other white ethnicities, 2% black, 2% Asian, 1% of other ethnicities, and 2% not stated. For religion, the census recorded a population that was 80% Catholic, 9% of other stated religions, 10% with no religion and 2% not stated.

Ethnic groups
+Main immigrant groups, 2016
10,527
6,869
1,550
1,156
1,120
1,088
1,082
929
845
829

Urban areas and populations
21,39326,180 (+4,787)
Newbridge22,74224,366 (+1,624)
20,28820,601 (+313)
14,58517,259 (+2,674)
15,50416,733 (+1,229)
9,67711,035 (+1,358)
8,63410,302 (+1,668)
6,0938,674 (+2,581)
7,2808,152 (+872)
5,8496,269 (+420)
4,2465,307 (+1,061)
Kill3,3483,818 (+470)
3,7103,815 (+105)

Health care
County Kildare hospitals include Naas General Hospital and Clane General Hospital.

Transport
Road
County Kildare houses the hub of Ireland's network of major roads.

The N4 (M4) from Dublin to travels along the north of the county by-passing the towns of Leixlip, Maynooth and Kilcock.

The M7 from Dublin to runs through the county and bypasses the towns of Naas, Newbridge, Kildare and Monasterevin. This road is colloquially referred to as the "Naas " because when it was originally up-graded in 1964 the road from Dublin to Naas was a double-lane carriageway, one of the first of its kind in Ireland.

The M9 is another motorway that commences at and ends at . It is motorway standard for its entire length.

Rail
The county is also served by the trains connecting with Dublin, southern Leinster, Munster and Connacht, with daily connections to Cork, Waterford, Limerick, and . The principal InterCity train station in the county is Kildare, however, Newbridge, Sallins and are also served by South Western Commuter services, while Maynooth, in northern County Kildare, is served by Western Commuter and Sligo InterCity services.

Waterway
Kildare is the centre of Ireland's Grand Canal network built in the late 18th century. This connects Kildare with Waterford, Dublin, Limerick and Athlone. The runs west from Dublin and parts of it form the boundary with .

Irish language
There are 4,491 Irish speakers in County Kildare; 2,451 attending the seven (Irish language primary schools) and one Gaelcholáiste (Irish language secondary school). According to the Irish Census 2006, 2,040 people in the county identify themselves as being daily Irish speakers outside the education system.

Education
  • Two third-level educational institutions – St. Patrick's College founded by King George III in 1795 to educate Ireland's Catholics and Maynooth University founded in 1997 – are located in . They share campus space and many facilities. The two institutions were formally separated in 1997. Maynooth University is the only university in the Republic of Ireland not situated in a city.
  • Clongowes Wood College is a private secondary boarding school for boys, located near Clane. Founded by the Society of Jesus (The Jesuits) in 1814, it is one of Ireland's oldest Catholic schools.
  • Newbridge College is a co-educational fee-paying secondary school. The founded Newbridge College in 1852 as a boarding school for boys.
  • Leinster Senior College is a small private fee-paying secondary school geared solely towards the Leaving Certificate.
  • The town of Clane is home to another educational institute, Clane College, a provider of further education to the wider Kildare community.
  • Naas C.B.S., Saint Mary's College Naas and Piper's Hill College are the three main secondary schools in .

Sport
GAA
The nickname for the team is the Lilywhites, as a result of its early jerseys being made from the bags of the Lilywhite Bakery. The all-white jerseys they wear are in reference to this.

In 1928, Kildare became the first team to win the trophy for the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, defeating Cavan 2–6 to 2–5. However, since then Kildare has reached the All-Ireland Football Championship Final on four occasions, the last being in 1998, but has failed on all four attempts.

County Kildare is also known as the Shortgrass County which is a reference to how short the grass is on the commons of .

Golf
The owned , situated on the River Liffey near played host to the 2006 .

Golf Club is located in Maynooth. The Golfing Union of Ireland, the longest established golf union in the world, have their national headquarters on the estate. This facility also comprises the GUI National Academy, an teaching facility for up-and-coming golfers, as well as being a facility available to all golfers in Ireland.

Other prominent courses are located at Knockanally and .

Horse racing
Kildare is famous worldwide for its horse racing. The Curragh course is the home to all five Irish Classic Flat races. Also located in County Kildare are two other courses, Punchestown Racecourse, home of the National Hunt Festival of Ireland, and , which runs both National Hunt and Flat meetings and is used by top racehorse trainers as a test for horses preparing for the Cheltenham festival.

The county is famous for the quality of horses bred in the many stud farms to which it is home, including the Irish National Stud and many other top studs such as Gilltown, Moyglare and , and race horse training establishments, such as the Osborne Stables.

Motorsports
Kildare is the home to , Ireland's only international motorsport venue. Established by in 1968 on , and redeveloped in 1999/2000, the facility incorporates of race track, 24 race garages and 12 Hospitality Suites. The Circuit also has of extreme off-road driving trails and a off-road activities centre and the Museum of Motorsport. Mondello Park was awarded the International race track status in 2001. It is host to National and International Race events, Motor Shows, Car & Bike Track days, Training Schools and Corporate Events.

Soccer
Kildare County F.C. was a League of Ireland club from 2002 until 2009, based in Newbridge, where Leinster Senior League side Newbridge Town F.C. was invited to join the league in 2002, however, a broader Kildare-based franchise was created instead, playing out of Station Road, Newbridge.

Places of interest

Notable people
  • George Barrington: pickpocket, socialite
  • : policeman
  • Domhnall Ua Buachalla: Governor-General of the Irish Free State
  • : Canadian politician
  • Paul Cullen: Archbishop of Dublin and Archbishop of Armagh
  • : Fenian
  • Charles FitzClarence: soldier
  • Lord Edward FitzGerald: revolutionary
  • Michael Gorman: American politician
  • : Politician and brewer, founder of Guinness
  • : sculptor and coin designer
  • John Vincent Holland: soldier
  • Michael Kelly Lawler: soldier
  • Kathleen Lonsdale: scientist
  • John de Robeck: admiral
  • Barry St. Leger: soldier
    (2025). 9781576076033, ABC-CLIO.
  • Ernest Shackleton: explorer

Sports
  • : twice -winning jockey
  • : Brentford F.C. and Republic of Ireland national football team.
  • Nonpareil Dempsey: boxer
  • : Gaelic footballer
  • Willoughby Hamilton: tennis player
  • Jimmy O'Brien: plays for the Ireland national rugby sevens team
  • Andrew Omobamidele : RC Strasbourg Alsace and Republic of Ireland national football team
  • : Professional Cyclist, 2020 National Champion.
  • : Crystal Palace F.C. (Women) and Republic of Ireland women's national football team
  • : Eadestown GAA
  • : Everton F.C. and Republic of Ireland national football team
  • : National Hunt Jockey

Writers, musicians, and entertainers

Twinning
County Kildare is with the following places:

Both are major centres of the breeding industry in their respective countries.

See also
  • List of abbeys and priories in Ireland (County Kildare)
  • Lord Lieutenant of Kildare
  • High Sheriff of Kildare

External links

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